Have you heard that reducing sodium can lower blood pressure? Well, that’s true for many people ( 2 )! Sodium is found in many foods in small amounts but constitutes about 40% of table salt. It is necessary for the body in very small amounts, but most Americans eat too much. So how sodium increases blood pressure?

Sodium is always in solution in the body, so it passes through the digestive tract, blood vessels, it carries fluid. Normally, the vessels are quite elastic, as the walls of a balloon. However, excess fluid in sodium increases blood volume. As if we added water to a balloon, this makes the diameter of the vessels to stretch and makes the vessel wall is tense with the pressure. Over time, this increased pressure within the arteries can cause hardening of the walls of the arteries and lead to permanent damage.

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Hypertension or high blood pressure has become so large in developed countries is considered a major public health problems. If this disease is not treated in time causes damage to the cardiovascular system. The good news is that hopefully we can prevent and control it.

Several years ago researchers, concerned with reducing the damage caused by the increased pressure created a diet plan to observe the effects of food and some minerals in reducing high blood pressure. This plan, which initially had an experimental character was called DASH diet, which stands for Dietary Approaches to English to Stop Hypertension (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension).

The DASH diet is characterized by high in fiber, made the recommendation for fruit and vegetables a day recommended 5 servings than healthy people, taking care to include minerals such as potassium, magnesium and calcium. The inclusion of nuts and other grains, reducing animal fats, increased consumption of poultry and fish as well as the decrease in consumption of sugar and sugary drinks, they give you the necessary elements to keep your heart healthy.

The researchers found that giving three diets: a typical American diet, a diet similar to American but rich in fruits and vegetables and the DASH diet, the people who had provided the last two diets reduced blood pressure significantly, but above all the pressure reduction was greater in those receiving the DASH diet.

Subsequently, a second stage planned research with the aim of reducing salt in foods of these people. Therefore, the menus and recipes were calculated based on two types of diet that provided a 2400 mg sodium equivalent to about 1 teaspoon of salt and other sodium 1500 mg or ½ teaspoon of salt. People with high blood pressure found many benefits by reducing salt in their food, being the most obvious benefit of reducing systolic and diastolic pressure.

The DASH diet calories
The DASH diet is not designed to lose weight, but its advantage is that it is rich in fruits and vegetables that give you fewer calories. If you are overweight or obese, MyDiet dietitians can guide you on the calories you should eat to lose weight.

Here are some of the recommendations of the DASH eating plan:
• Replace four small cookies with a medium apple, 80 calories and thus reduces or ¼ cup apricot jam 2 slices of pork and save 230 calories!
• Instead of eating a large burger and ask for a little if you add a serving of baby carrots or lettuce, the calories are reduced to less than 200.
• Reduce the portions of chicken or beef in your meals to 2 ounces (60g) and raises a portion of salad vegetables. Uses little salad dressing. Just take this action will save 50 calories.
• Use nonfat dairy like milk and yogurt light.
• In addition to spices and seasonings used low-fat vinaigrette, choose light versions of margarines and mayonnaise.
• Decrease your portions of food, pour yourself a small plate.
• Read food labels to find out their calorie, fat and salt, mainly.
• Limit the use of sugar in desserts, juices and other drinks, natural juice prefer canned, use sugar substitutes.
• Prefers a fruit snack rich in salt and saturated fats.
• Drink plenty of fluids.

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If your blood pressure is higher than normal, it can return to regularly without having to take medication, it is possible that you should only lose weight, change your diet and exercising (prehypertension). If there is also diabetes, may be needed further treatment.

If changes in lifestyle do not reduce blood pressure enough, your doctor may prescribe medication. Some people have to take two or more to control the blood pressure down to normal.

When you start taking this medicine is important to:

Take the medication regularly, exactly as you prescribed.
Report immediately to your doctor about any side effect.
Monitoring schedule regular visits with your doctor.
Hypertension is a condition that requires care and treatment for life, which means it is chronic. It is therefore important to always take your medicine and follow your doctor’s instructions to prevent or postpone problems such as stroke or kidney damage. If you suffer from any complication, controlling blood pressure may make their effects less severe.

How can you care?

The treatment will be most effective if you follow these guidelines for your health:
- Check with your doctor to see what changes you can make in your lifestyle and what medications you take. Always follow the instructions he gives you, do not take less or more doses of the indicated and not stop taking it without first consulting with, as it can be dangerous to leave suddenly.
- Check your pressure with the doctor as often as you please and keep track of the readings.
- Do not smoke.
- Ask your doctor what diet plan you follow. In general, your diet should be low in fat, cholesterol, red meat and sweets, and high in fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy foods, whole grain products, fish, chicken and nuts.
- Use less salt (most of the salt in the normal diet comes from processed foods), avoid canned and prepared foods unless the label says they have not been added this seasoning.
- Exercise regularly, according to the advice of your doctor. For example, you can walk, bike or swim at least 30 minutes three to five times a week (if no contraindication).
- Limit the amount of alcohol and caffeine you consume.
- Try to reduce stress in your life or learn to cope better with situations that make you worried.
- Ask your doctor about your treatment, what it is and how it works.
- Lose weight if needed.

How can I prevent high blood pressure?

For people who want to prevent hypertension is recommended:
No smoking.
Eating a healthy diet with fruits, vegetables and dairy products low in fat.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Use less salt.
Exercise regularly.
Do not drink alcohol.
Use alternatives to manage stress such as relaxation exercises, yoga, meditation or distracting activities and fun.

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Hypertension is a term for diseases characterized by blood pressure level above normal or achieved 140/90 mmHg or more. This disease has a unique, easy to detect but the exact cause is unknown. Hypertension is often referred to as the hidden killer (silent killer), because the symptoms are not felt someone for years until serious problems arise.

According dr.Hananto Andriatoro. SpJP, from the National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, people suffering from hypertension are also vulnerable to the complications of three important organs in the body, ie heart failure, narrowing of the arteries in the kidney and brain (stroke). In addition, hypertension is also a major cause of the emergence of coronary heart disease.

Cause

As mentioned above, the specific cause of this disease is unknown. Hypertension usually occurs as we age a person, especially in those who consume a lot of salty food and have a bad habit, like smoking, obesity or rarely exercise.

Hypertension can be classified into two categories, namely primary and secondary. Primary hypertension is a known cause of hypertension is not yet clear. Factors contributing suspected as the cause of primary hypertension include age and heredity. Meanwhile, secondary hypertension often occurs in those with kidney problems, heart damage or congenital adrenal gland tumor. Stress and pregnancy can also be a cause of hypertension in women.

Although hypertension often occurs in the age not young, but early examination can reduce the risk of adverse effects of this disease. Therefore, regular blood pressure checks are important. Added by doctors Hananto, measurement of blood pressure monitor should be done in a state of calm or were not stressed. “If there is a risk factor, patients should be routinely perform tension,” he said.

So the problem

Hypertension that occurs over many years can cause various problems. Excessive pressure on the artery walls can damage blood vessels. Coating on arterial blood can become rough and thick, in the end can lead to narrowing (arteriosclerosis). If the arteries are too narrow, blood can not flow smoothly as a result of the body that depend on these arteries can not supply blood and oxygen.

“Narrowing of blood vessels can occur in the thigh, also in the kidney (renal artery stenosis), which can disrupt kidney function. If the blockage occurs in blood vessels in the brain the result is a stroke,” said a doctor.

According to Ann dr.Arieska Soenarta, MD from the National Cardiovascular Our hope Center , people who are included in the hypertension “border” even more likely to have a stroke. “After doing research, people who exist in the border line ( 140-150/90) a lot of stroke,” he said.

There can be treated

Prevalence of hypertension patients in Indonesia is 16-17 percent. Thus, controlling hypertension will reduce further the effects of this disease, like heart disease. Presented by a physician Hananto, hypertension is a lifelong disease, can not be cured but can be controlled. “Treatment of hypertension is not to reduce the tension but to avoid from cardiovascular disease and reduce mortality,” he said.

The purpose of the current treatment of hypertension is, in addition to lowering blood pressure, also aimed to reduce cardiovascular complications. Treatment of hypertension can reduce the risk of stroke (reduced 35-40%), heart attack (20-25%), and heart failure (more than 50%).

Type of treatment

According to JNC VII concessions, hypertensive patients without complaints received preferred treatment pharmacological (low-salt diet, exercise, lose weight). “But if tensinya already high and there are complaints, the automatic need to get medical care,” said Dr. Ann.

Already, there are many choices of blood pressure-lowering drugs. “Starting from the type of beta blockers (beta blockers) to block calcium channels (calcium channel blocker or CCB), which works by inhibiting calcium entry into heart muscle cells and blood vessels, causing dilation of blood vessels and slow heart rate,” said a doctor Hananto .

CCB itself consists of two types, namely short-term drug that works quickly to lower blood pressure but also create tension rises rapidly. “Blood pressure is a rapid rise and fall can damage the brain and kidneys,” explained Hananto. It is recommended that long-term CCB, in addition to more secure, if the patient forgot to take the drug within two days, the effect of the medicine is still felt.

But keep in mind, these drugs are helpful only just. Most important is the change to more healthy lifestyle so that the illness can be overcome.
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Some patients with high blood pressure rely on Medicinal Plants with hypotensive properties to try to control. But plants are not always beneficial, especially when taken while other antihypertensive drugs. Since lower blood pressure, have a diuretic effect and hypotensive action, but before taking it you should consult your doctor.

Resorting to the plants to lower blood pressure can generate two types of problems. Some people of a certain age who are overweight take diuretic plants in order to lose weight and detoxify the body, but they can mix plants and diuretic drugs without being aware. Diuretics are olive leaf fasting, horsetail, the olmaria or goldenrod.

Nor should take them a while antihypertensive drug because many patients already receiving diuretic drugs to control your blood pressure, hampering medical follow-up of moderate hypertension. When prescribed diuretic medication to a patient and without consulting your doctor, decides to take a herbal remedy, power that action.

Although the tension is reduced, the specialist can not know why this is. Also, if the patient decides to stop taking the herbal remedy, you may experience a spike in blood pressure. One example, according to this specialist, illustrates this fact is the grapefruit juice, which enhances the hypotensive activity of a classic. If the doctor, to confirm this, low doses of medication and the patient stops taking the juice, you may again increase pressure numbers.

Another major drawbacks associated with the use of natural remedies and antihypertensives is that plants can generate metabolic interactions in a plane. Never make the mistake of excluding each other “medicines” because one complements the other. The doctor always necessary, do not forget.

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