It is shown that the longer the pressure remains high is the highest risk of complications. These changes result in:

* Thickening of the walls of the heart muscle (as if the muscle was subjected to “body building“) and this in turn can lead to problems of heart failure up to, or myocardial ischemia, until dalliance ’stroke.
* Alterations of cardiac structures, particularly the dilation of the aorta, initially up to mild aortic valve insufficiency.

Damage to roads due to the continuous stretching of their walls that causes two types of changes: small lesions of the inner cell layer, which opens the door to infiltration and the deposition of fat in the wall and then atherosclerosis; the reaction of the muscular layer thickening of the arteries in certain districts vascular tree.

In turn, these changes cause vascular damage in the structures that supply: the brain may reduce oxygenation of the nerve cells with their failure, to dementia, or cause the rupture of a vessel and lead to strokes, kidney to alter the function of this organ and thus the accumulation or loss in the urine of particular substances, to cause the lowering of the ocular view.

Risk Factors

Primary or essential hypertension, although not identified a precise cause, there are some factors that may support or enhance disease: risk factors. These fall into two categories:

Factors that can not be amended:

* Familiarity: at least one family member is suffering from hypertension.
Age *: the risk of hypertension increased with age in parallel.
* Gender: women until menopause rarely have hypertension, after menopause the incidence is the same for both sexes and further increased in women after age 65.
Breed *: The black race meets with hypertension more often than white.

Factors that can be corrected:

* Overweight and obesity: increased body mass often leads to increased blood pressure to bring the food to a greater number of cells.
* Smoking: nicotine absorbed by smoking causes a contraction of the vessels and then mild, but sudden pressure, cigarette smoke also contains many substances harmful to the endothelium that facilitate the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
* Impaired renal sensitivity to salt and sodium intake: some patients are more sensitive to sodium retention leading to renal water retention and thus the increase of body fluids, can be added to this alteration in recruiting potassium.
* Lack of physical activity: the little sport often accompanied by weight gain, an altered fat metabolism and nutrition too.
* Alcohol abuse: several studies have shown that intake of 1-2 glasses of wine a day protects the arteries arteriosclerosis, excessive consumption of alcohol is often accompanied by a lifestyle that leads in turn to other factors risk in addition to being directly detrimental for the heart
* Stress: stress causes a sudden brief increase in pressure, chronic stress causes an increase in pressure more stable, also because it often involves a particular lifestyle and is associated with unbalanced diet and excessive intake of coffee and smoke.

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This type of hypertension suffer 20% of hypertensives and the most important cause of disease or appearance is a health situation that favors development.

Among the risk factors for secondary hypertension are:

• Toxemia in pregnancy, ie the emergence of high pressure in pregnant women with no medical history of hypertension in your family.

• Stress is another factor that can lead to secondary hypertension, as well as workaholism and hyperactivity.

• Self-medication with steroids or oral contraceptives without medical supervision.

• Renal disease and hypothyroidism.

In all these factors we see a common factor as in primary hypertension: a person suffering from diseases that are not treated with a balanced diet and regular physical activity is exposed not only to develop the disease, but they suffer high blood pressure increases the risk of stroke.

Also any type of hypertension involves not only medication and diet restricted in sodium, but a positive attitude by the patient to this condition which is directly related to the nervous condition of the person.

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